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3/02/2006

HEPATITIS A DAN PENCEGAHAN-PENGOBATAN



Apakah hepatitis A itu?
Hepatitis A adalah penyakit hati yang disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis A.
Bagaimana Anda dapat terinfeksi virus hepatitis A?
Penularan Virus hepatitis A melalui kontak manusia terjadi apabila anda memasukkan ke dalam mulut
anda sesuatu yang telah dicemari tinja seorang pengidap hepatitis A. Ini dapat terjadi bila Anda minum air
atau makan makanan yang telah terkontaminasi oleh tinja seorang yang terinfeksi virus. Sebab itu, virus
tersebut mudah tersebar di daerah yang tidak bersih, atau di mana kebersihan pribadi tidak dijaga.
Apa tanda dan gejala-gejala penyakit hepatitis A?
Tidak semua penderita yang terinfeksi oleh virus tersebut menunjukkan tanda atau gejala. Gejala-gejala
lebih sering dimiliki orang dewasa dari pada anak-anak. Jika ada, gejala biasanya muncul secara tibatiba,
misalnya berupa demam, rasa letih, hilang nafsu makan, rasa mual, perut tidak nyaman, air seni
berwarna tua, warna kekuningan pada mata dan kulit. Gejala biasanya berlangsung kurang dari 2 bulan;
sebagian orang dapat menderita sampai 6 bulan. Masa inkubasi hepatitis A rata-rata 28 hari (rentang: 15-
50 hari)
Bagaimana Anda tahu kalau Anda terkena hepatitis A?
Test darah (IgM anti-HAV) diperlukan untuk mendiagnosa hepatitis A. Berbicaralah kepada pekerja
kesehatan bila Anda menyangka Anda telah terkena virus hepatitis A.
Bagaimana cara mencegah hepatitis A?
Sering cuci tangan, terutama setelah ke kamar kecil, sebelum makan, dan setelah mengganti popok bayi.
Jangan minum air dari sumber yang belum dinyatakan bersih, dan masak atau cuci sampai bersih
makanan sebelum dimakan.
Dua produk dapat dipakai untuk mencegah infeksi hepatitis A: Imunoglobulin dan vaksin hepatitis A.
Imunoglobulin memberikan perlindungan segera terhadap infeksi, tetapi hanya ampuh selama 3 bulan.
Vaksin hepatitis A memerlukan waktu 2 minggu untuk mulai bekerja, tetapi perlindungan yang diberikan
akan tetap ampuh sampai 20 tahun. Tanyakan kepada pekerja kesehatan Anda, apakah kedua produk ini
cocok untuk Anda.

ISTIRAHAT DAN MAKAN SEIMBANG
Hepatitis tipe apa pun yang diidap, mensyaratkan penderitanya untuk beristirahat cukup dan berobat secara teratur. Penderita juga dianjurkan melakukan diet dengan gizi seimbang. Makanan berkarbohidrat tinggi, berprotein atau berlemak tinggi memang tidak dilarang secara khusus, tapi hendaknya dibatasi. Demikian juga garam. Pengurangan konsumsi garam dimaksudkan untuk mencegah akumulasi cairan dalam rongga peritoneal serta mencegah pembengkakan pergelangan kaki. Penderita juga tidak dilarang mengkonsumsi suplemen vitamin dan mineral sepanjang belum terjadi kerusakan hati. Untuk mengkonsumsi obat apa pun dan melakukan olahraga, hendaknya dikonsultasikan terlebih dahulu pada dokter.
Sementara penderita sirosis hati perlu melakukan disiplin ketat dari segi makanan, pengontrolan penyakit, maupun kegiatan sehari-hari. Olahraga yang disarankan hanya sebatas jalan kaki. Dengan disiplin ketat ini diharapkan keadaan hati akan membaik.
Penularan virus hepatitis huruf mana pun memang sulit dielakkan. Sebab itu, pemeriksaan darah di lab secara periodik tidak ada salahnya dilakukan agar virus yang diam-diam nyelonong cepat diketahui sedini mungkin. Penyakit bukan untuk ditakuti tapi sedapat mungkin dicegah. Dengan hidup teratur dan higienis, makan makanan seimbang, mudah-mudahan daya tahan tubuh mampu menendang datangnya virus-virus bandel ini!
Seringkali infeksi hepatitis A pada anak-anak tidak menimbulkan gejala, sedangkan pada orang dewasa menyebabkan gejala mirip flu, rasa lelah, demam, diare, mual, nyeri perut, mata kuning dan hilangnya nafsu makan. Gejala hilang sama sekali setelah 6-12 minggu. Orang yang terinfeksi hepatitis A akan kebal terhadap penyakit tersebut. Berbeda dengan hepatitis B dan C, infeksi hepatitis A tidak berlanjut ke hepatitis kronik. Masa inkubasi 30 hari. Penularan melalui makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi feces pasien, misalnya makan buah-buahan, sayur yang tidak dimasak atau makan kerang yang setengah matang. Minum dengan es batu yang prosesnya terkontaminasi. Saat ini sudah ada vaksin hepatitis A, memberikan kekebalan selama 4 minggu setelah suntikan pertama, untuk kekebalan yang panjang diperlukan suntikan vaksin beberapa kali. Pecandu narkotika dan hubungan seks anal, termasuk homoseks merupakan risiko tinggi tertular hepatitis A.

47 comments:

The Transfer Factor Indonesia said...

Kabar baik bagi penderita hepatitis.. saat ini sudah ditemukan teknologi baru bagi kesehatan manusia yaitu Transfer Factor. Terbukti aman, ampuh bagi segala jenis penyakit, dan tanpa efek samping. Sudah direkomendasikan oleh kementrian kesehatan Rusia dan masuk ke buku rujukan para dokter di Amerika, juga menghasilkan lebih dari 3500 uji klinis manfaatnya bagi kesehatan manusia.
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obat HEPATITIS B C klik disini said...

Info yg bermanfaat, thanks.

Anonymous said...

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NASORI ABDUL GHANI said...

sama sama gan....

Anonymous said...

adik saya baru saja dibilang dokter sakit hepatitis A, terlihat dari mata, kuku & lidahnya, semua kuning...yang jadi pertanyaan saya, perlukah pasien dirawat di RS ?
saya tidak berharap, harus di rawat di RS sih..kalau ada info untuk ini, mohon dibagi yaah..thanks yaah..

NASORI ABDUL GHANI said...

salam..
sebaiknya dibawa kerumah sakit untuk dirawat,setidaknya jika dirawat dirumahsakit akan lebih terjamin.dan terkontrol,gak lama kok pling lama 2 hari pasien sudah bisa berobat jalan.
semoga adik anda segera sembuh.amin

Anonymous said...

Malam mas / pak..
Teman kerja saya hbs tkena hepatitis A, tetapi cuma 2minggu. Saya pnah makan makanan yg pernah dimakan dia walau secara tdk langsung. Dia mesan sup yang sama dgn saya krn dy tdk suka dgn salah 1 isinya dia langsung menaruhnya didalam sup saya. Mau menolak tdk enak. Wkt itu dia baru saja masuk kerja dr sakit nya.yg saya mau tanyakan,apakah saya dpt tertular krn hal tsb? Bagaimana cara mencegah nya agar saya tdk terkena? Makanan apa yg mesti saya konsumsi agar menjadi antisipasi saya? Mohon dpt dijwb. Terima kasih

NASORI ABDUL GHANI said...

salam..melihat cerita anda saya masih merasa kurang jelas,andaikan makanan tersebut,setidaknya sendok yang buat ambil itu makanan sudah lebih dulu masuk kedalam mulut teman anda,ada kemungkinan anda akan tertular,namun demikian,sebenarnya hepatitis seperti ditulis diatas itu karena orang2 yang jorok.hee.makanya disuruh jaga kebersihan...tapi tenang gan..kita bisa mencegahnya,dengan kontrol makanan kita dan kebersihan kita.perbanyak makan sayuran.semoga bermanfaat.

julak said...

informasi bermanfaat

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